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That is, these methods of authentication are entirely visible to the user.

The better portion of authentication routines known to the average user occur at the application level. That network could be located in the user’s home, his office, or, as in this case, the Internet. This encounter most often occurs while connecting to a network. To understand how this occurs, you must know a bit about authentication.Įvery user has encountered some form of authentication. It is the act of using one machine to impersonate another. It is therefore rare.Ī spoofing attack involves nothing more than forging one’s source address.

The technique is quite complex and is not commonly understood, even by talented crackers.

Few platforms are vulnerable to this technique.

I should immediately make three points about IP spoofing: If you already know a bit about the technique, you would be wise to skip ahead to the section titled “Point of Vulnerability: The R Services.” IP Spoofingīecause I want to relay information about IP spoofing as accurately as possible, I will approach the subject in a slow and deliberate fashion. That paper was titled “A Weakness in the 4.2BSD UNIX TCP/IP Software,” and it was written by Robert Morris, an engineer at AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. To my knowledge, the first paper written on this subject was published in February 1985. The IP spoofing technique was not “new,” nor was it “uncovered.” Rather, it has been known for more than a decade that IP spoofing was possible.

An individual or group of unknown intruders took over his computer for more than a day and electronically stole a large number of security programs he had developed. John Markoff, in his article that appeared in The New York Times titled “New Form of Attack on Computers Linked to Internet is Uncovered,” reported: The first known attack using the new technique took place on Christmas day against the computer of a well-known computer security expert at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. For example, a well publicized spoofing case occurred in December, 1994. IP spoofing is the most talked about and least understood method of gaining unauthorized entry to a computer system. There has never been more controversy about a cracking technique than the controversy surrounding IP spoofing.